Latest reaserch about Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, the opening of the uterus. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). While it is a concerning health issue, it is highly preventable and treatable when detected early.

Types:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type, accounting for around 70% of cases. It originates in the flat, squamous cells lining the outer part of the cervix.
• Adenocarcinoma: This type arises in the glandular cells lining the inner canal of the cervix, making up about 25% of cases.
• Other rarer types include adenosquamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.

Signs & Symptoms:

Early cervical cancer often shows no symptoms. However, as it progresses, you may experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as between periods, after sex, or after menopause
• Pelvic pain, especially during sex
• Heavier or longer menstrual periods
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pain during urination or bowel movements

Causes:

• HPV infection: Nearly all cervical cancers (over 99%) are caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV, a sexually transmitted virus.
• Other risk factors include smoking, weakened immune system, multiple pregnancies, and use of oral contraceptives for extended periods.

Risk Factors:

• HPV infection: Particularly high-risk types 16 and 18
• Early age of first sexual intercourse
• Multiple sexual partners
• Weakened immune system due to HIV, AIDS, or other medical conditions
• Smoking
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives (5+ years)
• Diet low in fruits and vegetables
• Family history of cervical cancer

Prevention:

• HPV vaccination: Vaccination against HPV is highly effective in preventing infection with high-risk strains. The CDC recommends vaccination for girls and boys aged 11-12 years.
• Regular cervical cancer screening: Pap tests or HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in the cervix, allowing for early intervention and treatment.
• Practicing safe sex: Using condoms consistently can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
• Quitting smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and increases cancer risk.
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly can contribute to overall health and potentially reduce cancer risk.

Treatment:

Treatment options depend on the stage and type of cervical cancer. Early-stage cancer often has high cure rates with treatments like:

• Surgery: Removal of the cervix or uterus
• Radiation therapy: High-energy beams target and destroy cancer cells
• Chemotherapy: Medications kill cancer cells throughout the body